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Friday, May 28, 2010























 ...Thames for the "Mobile Phones" ...

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Mobile game



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A mobile game is a video game played on a mobile phone, smartphone, PDA, handheld computer or portable media player. This does not include games played on handheld video game systems such as PlayStation Portable or Nintendo DS.
The first game that was pre-installed onto a mobile phone was Snake on selected Nokia models in 1997.[1] Snake and its variants have since become the most-played video game on the planet, with over a billion people having played the game.[citation needed]
Mobile games are played using the technologies present on the device itself. For networked games, there are various technologies in common use. Examples include text message (SMS), multimedia message (MMS) or GPRS location identification.
However, there are non networked applications, that simply use the device platform to run the game software. The games may be installed over the air, they may be side loaded onto the handset with a cable, or they may be embedded on the handheld devices by the OEM or by the mobile operator.
Mobile games are usually downloaded via the mobile operator's radio network, but in some cases are also loaded into the mobile handsets when purchased, via infrared connection, Bluetooth, or memory card.

Contents

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[edit] History

 This article may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please help by adding relevant internal links, or by improving the article's layout. (December 2008)
With the creation of the cell phone, one was easily impressed with the fact that the phone required no cables. However, towards the end of the 20th century, cellular phones started to modernize, and people wanted more out of their cell phones.
With the introduction of the "candy bar" style cell phone, the appearance of a cell phone as well as its features and calling capabilities became a lot more important to people. Cell phone games were among the many new features that could be expected in this new type of cell phone.
Older cell phone games were not as expansive or as popular as console games, as the phone's hardware was not suited to high-color screens or sounds beyond differently pitched beeps. The games were usually animated with black squares. A good example of an early cell phone game is Snake. Unlike today's cell phone games, which usually have to be purchased, these games came pre-installed on the cell phone, and could not be copied off or removed.
When the camera phone was introduced to the public, cell phones started to become a lot more common. The storage and graphic capabilities on these new phones were a lot better than the older candy bar style phone, which meant that higher quality games could be created. This of course also meant that companies could make a profit off these games.
Nokia tried to create its own mobile gaming platform with the N-Gage in 2003 but this effort failed mainly because, at the time, the convergence of a cell phone and a handheld gaming platform did not mix. Many users complained of having to talk on the phone 'taco-style' by tilting it sideways in order to speak and hear. There were hardware issues as well, and though some quality games came out, support for the platform was anemic.
Today, cell phone games have come a very long way. Their graphics are about the same as you would expect on a 4th or 5th generation game console (which may not seem like a very big improvement yet is considered one because the game is being played on a cell phone). Cell phone games now tend to take up a large amount of memory on cell phones, which is part of the reason why they still are not too popular. Still, certain games such as "Tetris" and "Solitaire" are somewhat popular cell phone games.

[edit] Industry structure

Total global revenues from mobile games were estimated at $2,600 million in 2005 by Informa Telecoms and Media.the total revenue generated in the year 2008 ia 5800 million US dollar[2]

[edit] Different platforms

Main article: Mobile software
Mobile games are developed using platforms and technologies such as Windows Mobile, Palm OS, Symbian OS, Adobe's Flash Lite, DoCoMo's DoJa, Sun's Java ME, Qualcomm's BREW, WIPI, iPhone OS or Google Android platforms. Other platforms are also available, but not as common.
Java is the most common platform for mobile games, however its performance limitations lead to the adoption of various native binary formats for more sophisticated games.

[edit] Common limitations of mobile games

Mobile games tend to be small in scope and often rely on good gameplay over flashy graphics, due to the lack of processing power of the client devices. One major problem for developers and publishers of mobile games is describing a game in such detail that it gives the customer enough information to make a purchasing decision. Currently, Mobile Games are mainly sold through Network Carriers / Operators portals and this means there are only a few lines of text and perhaps a screen shot of the game to excite the customer. Two strategies are followed by developers and publishers to combat this lack of purchasing information, firstly there is a reliance on powerful brands and licenses that impart a suggestion of quality to the game such as Tomb Raider or Colin McRae and secondly there is the use of well known and established play patterns (game play mechanics that are instantly recognisable) such as Tetris, Space Invaders or Poker. Both these strategies are used to decrease the perceived level of risk that the customer feels when choosing a game to download from the carrier’s deck.
Recent innovations in mobile games include Singleplayer, Multiplayer and 3D graphics. Virtual love games belong to both of singleplayer and multiplayer games. Multiplayer games are quickly finding an audience, as developers take advantage of the ability to play against other people, a natural extension of the mobile phone’s connectivity. With the recent internet gambling boom various companies are taking advantage of the mobile market to attract customers, Ongame the founders of PokerRoom developed in 2005 a working mobile version of its poker software available in both play money and real money. The player can play the game in a singleplayer or multiplayer mode for real or play money. As well, the MMORPG boom seems to hit the world of mobile games. According to their website CipSoft has developed the first MMORPG for mobile phones, called TibiaME.
Often trivia or quiz games will run out of questions on mobile devices. Some publishers like MobileQs will offer expansion packs to the original game to get around this problem.

[edit] Location-based games

Games played on a mobile device using localization technology like GPS are called location-based games. These are not only played on mobile hardware but also integrate the player's position into the game concept. In other words: while it does not matter for a normal mobile game where exactly you are (play them anywhere at anytime), the player's coordinate and movement are main elements in a Location-based game. The best-known example is the treasure hunt game Geocaching, which can be played on any mobile device with integrated or external GPS receiver. External GPS receivers are usually connected via Bluetooth. More and more mobile phones with integrated GPS are expected to come.
Besides Geocaching, there exist several other location-based games which are rather in the stage of research prototypes than a commercial success.

[edit] Multiplayer Mobile Games

A Multiplayer mobile game is often a re-branding of a multiplayer game for the PC or Console. Most mobile games are single player mobile games perhaps with artificially intelligent opponents. Multiplayer functionality is achieved through:
Some "community" based games exist where players use their cellphones to access a community website where they can play browser-based games with thousands of players. Such games typically have limited graphical content so that they can run on a cellphone, and the games focus on the interaction between a large number of participants.

[edit] Infrared connectivity

Older mobile phones supporting mobile gaming have infrared connectivity for data sharing with other phones or PCs. This connectivity is not practical as any disturbances in the infra-reds line of sight could cause loss of connection, hence this technology was seldom used in mobile games.

[edit] Bluetooth multiplayer games

Mobiles are connected through a wireless protocol called Bluetooth using special hardware. The games are designed to communicate with each other through this protocol to share game information. The basic restriction is that both the users have to be within a limited distance to get connected. A bluetooth device can accept up to 7 connections from other devices using a client/server architecture.

[edit] WAP / GPRS / UMTS / HSDPA multiplayer game

A GPRS connection which is common among GSM mobile phones can be used to share the data globally. Developers can connect a mass number of mobile games with a single server and share data among the players. Some developers have achieved cross platform games, allowing a mobile player to play against a PC. WAP and GPRS best supports turn based games and small RPG games. (Most of the counties have a weak GPRS speed in their carriers. In these types of games, the game communicates with a global server which acts like a router between the mobile phones. Faster connections like UMTS and HSDPA allow real time multiplayer gaming though speeds will still give some level of lag. Currently, there are a lot of multiplayer mobile games entering the market.

[edit] 3G and WiFi

3G allows in most cases realtime multiplayer gaming and is based on technologies faster than GPRS. Wi-Fi is often used for connecting at home. Not every mobile device allows games to use the wifi connection.

[edit] Distribution

Mobile games can be distributed in one of four ways:
  • Over the Air (OTA) - a game binary file (typically BREW or JAVA) is delivered to the mobile device via wireless carrier networks.
  • Sideloaded - a game binary file is loaded onto the phone while connected to a PC, either via USB cable or Bluetooth.
  • Pre-installed - a game binary file is preloaded onto the device by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM).
  • Mobile browser download - a game file (typically Adobe Flash Lite) is downloaded directly from a mobile website.
In the US, the majority of mobile games are sold by the US wireless carriers, such as ATT, Verizon, Altel, Sprint and T-Mobile. In Europe, games are distributed equally between carriers, such as Orange and Vodafone, and off-deck, third party stores such as Jamba, Jamster, Kalador and Gameloft. Third party, off-deck game stores have not yet taken off (as of 2007) in the US, as the US based carriers use a 'walled garden' approach to their business models.
The popularity of mobile games has increased in the 2000s, as over $3 billion USD worth of games were sold in 2007 internationally, and projected annual growth of over 40%.
In recent years[when?], there has been a move towards mobile games which are distributed free to the end user, but carry prominent, paid advertising.

[edit] See also









































































































These are the different Models of "Mobile Phone".

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Mobile operating system

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The Nokia E71 smartphone running S60 3rd Edition, Feature Pack 1 UI on the Symbian OS v9.2
A mobile operating system, also known as a Mobile OS, a Mobile platform, or a Handheld operating system, is the operating system that controls a mobile device—similar in principle to an operating system such as Linux or Windows that controls a desktop computer or laptop. However, they are currently somewhat simpler, and deal more with the wireless versions of broadband and local connectivity, mobile multimedia formats, and different input methods.

Contents

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[edit] History

The increasing importance of mobile devices has triggered intense competition among technology giants, like Microsoft, Apple, and Nokia in a bid to capture the bigger market share pre-emptively.[1] Palm, Research In Motion and Ericsson are also significant firms in the mobile platform sector. In November 2007, Google formed a Linux-based open source alliance to make inroads into this mobile platform market, raising consumer awareness of the growing mobile platform frenzy.[2]

[edit] Issues and challenges

Open standards are gaining more ground across the spectrum of related industries[3][4][5], whereas proprietary mobile platforms, like Windows Mobile, are losing market share[6]. Sir Tim Berners-Lee recently re-emphasized his advocacy for open mobile standards in his keynote speech at the first annual meeting of Mobile Internet World held in Boston in November 2007. He warned against a possibility that the Internet connections worldwide may turn into "walled gardens."[7] Google announced its Linux-based open source mobile platform, Android, along with the formation of the 34-member Open Handset Alliance.
Nonetheless, mobile web does not necessarily mean a horizontal and spatial shift from PC-based web, but a severe structural change to identify the missing links, among other things, between the stationary web at home or in the office and mobile web on the go.
Top agenda items may include:
  1. Continued connectivity between home, cars and Base Stations like Wi-Fi Hot Spots and Femtocell
  2. Interoperability of equipment and applications, and adaptability to the ever-shifting mobile multimedia ecosystem
  3. Behavioral tracking utilizing GPS data versus privacy concern
  4. Real-time links between the wireless world and physical world
  5. Financial transactions, including smart cards, SMS and Multimedia Messaging Service.

[edit] Market description

Mobile platforms are in the nascent stage, and any projection regarding the market growth is hard to make at the present time. It is noteworthy that Intel is taking the initiative to focus on portable devices other than mobile phones. They are Mobile Internet Devices (MID) and Ultra-Mobile PC (UMPC). Meantime, Palm abandoned its plan to develop Foleo, which was to be a companion device for a smartphone.

[edit] Mobile navigation

Canalys has estimated that in 2009 the installed base of smartphones with integrated GPS was 163 million units worldwide, of which Nokia accounted for more than half (51%) having shipped cumulatively 83 million GPS devices. On January 22 2010, Nokia released a free version of Ovi Maps which is expected to double user amount.

[edit] Operating systems

Table showing most of the current mobile operating systems for smartphones, PDAs and netbooks in 2010
Share of Smartphone sales by operating systems in Q2/2009 by Canalys.[8] (data does not include Palm WebOS, which was introduced in June, 2009)
Operating systems that can be found on smartphones include Symbian OS, iPhone OS, RIM's BlackBerry, Windows Phone, Linux, Palm WebOS, Android and Maemo. Android, WebOS and Maemo are in turn built on top of Linux, and the iPhone OS is derived from the BSD and NeXTSTEP operating systems, which all are related to Unix.
The most common operating systems (OS) used in smartphones by Q2 2009 sales are:
Symbian OS from the Symbian Foundation (50.3% Market Share Sales Q2 2009)[8]
Symbian has the largest share in most markets worldwide, but lags behind other companies in the relatively small but highly visible North American market.[9] This matches the success of its largest shareholder[10] and customer, Nokia, in all markets except Japan. Nokia itself enjoys 52.9% of the smartphone market.[11] In Japan Symbian is strong due to a relationship with NTT DoCoMo, with only one of the 44 Symbian handsets released in Japan coming from Nokia.[12] It has been used by many major handset manufacturers, including BenQ, Fujitsu, LG, Mitsubishi, Motorola, Nokia, Samsung, Sharp, and Sony Ericsson. Current Symbian-based devices are being made by Fujitsu, Nokia, Samsung, Sharp, and Sony Ericsson. Prior to 2009 Symbian supported multiple user interfaces, i.e. UIQ from UIQ Technologies, S60 from Nokia, and MOAP from NTT DOCOMO. As part of the formation of the Symbian platform in 2009 these three UIs were merged into a single platform which is now fully open source. It has received some adverse press attention due to virus threats (namely trojan horses).[13]
RIM BlackBerry OS (20.9% Market Share Sales Q2 2009)[8]
This OS is focused on easy operation and was originally designed for business. Recently it has seen a surge in third-party applications and has been improved to offer full multimedia support.
iPhone OS from Apple Inc. (13.7% Market Share Sales Q2 2009)[8]
The iPhone uses an operating system called iPhone OS, which is derived from Mac OS X. Third party applications were not officially supported until the release of iPhone OS 2.0 on July 11th 2008. Before this, "jailbreaking" allowed third party applications to be installed, and this method is still available.
Windows Phone from Microsoft (9% Market Share Sales Q2 2009)[8][14]
The Windows CE operating system and Windows Mobile middleware are widely spread in Asia. The two improved variants of this operating system, Windows Mobile 6 Professional (for touch screen devices) and Windows Mobile 6 Standard, were unveiled in February 2007. It has been criticized for having a user interface which is not optimized for touch input by fingers; instead, it is more usable with a stylus. However, unlike iPhone OS, it does support both touch screen and physical keyboard configurations.
On February 15th, 2010 Microsoft unveiled its next-generation mobile OS, Windows Phone 7. The new mobile OS includes a completely new over-hauled UI called "Metro". It includes full integration of Microsoft services such as Zune, Xbox Live and Bing. The new OS platform has received very positive reception from the technology press.[15][16][17]
Android from Google Inc. (2.8% Market Share Sales Q2 2009)[8]
Android was developed by Google Inc.. Android is an Open Source, Linux-derived platform backed by Google, along with major hardware and software developers (such as Intel, HTC, ARM, and eBay, to name a few), that form the Open Handset Alliance.[18] This OS, though very new, already has a cult following among programmers eager to develop apps for its flexible, Open Source, back end.[19] Android promises to give developers access to every aspect of the phone's operation.[20] This lends many to foresee the promise of further growth for the Android platform.[21]
Linux operating system
Linux is strongest in China where it is used by Motorola, and in Japan, used by DoCoMo.[22][23] Rather than being a platform in its own right, Linux is used as a basis for a number of different platforms developed by several vendors, including Android, LiMo, Maemo, Openmoko and Qt Extended, which are mostly incompatible.[24][25] PalmSource (now Access) is moving towards an interface running on Linux.[26] Another platform based on Linux is being developed by Motorola, NEC, NTT DoCoMo, Panasonic, Samsung, and Vodafone.[27]
Palm webOS from Palm Inc. and Palm OS/Garnet OS from Access Co.
Palm webOS is Palm's next generation operating system.[28] PalmSource traditionally used its own platform developed by Palm Inc. Access Linux Platform (ALP) is an improvement that was planned to be launched in the first half of 2007. It will use technical specifications from the Linux Phone Standards Forum. The Access Linux Platform will include an emulation layer to support applications developed for Palm-based devices.
bada from Samsung Electronics
The bada mobile phone operating system is still in development, and Samsung expects handsets to be available in the second half of 2010.[29]The first device to run Bada is called 'Wave' and was unveiled to the public at Mobile World Congress 2010, Wave is a fully touchscreen phone running the new mobile operating system.
Maemo from Nokia
Maemo is a software platform developed by Nokia for smartphones and Internet Tablets. It is based on the Debian operating system.
Maemo is mostly based on open source code, and has been developed by Maemo Devices within Nokia in collaboration with many open source projects such as the Linux kernel, Debian and GNOME.
Maemo is based on Debian GNU/Linux and draws much of its GUI, frameworks and libraries from the GNOME project. It uses the Matchbox window manager and the GTK-based Hildon as its GUI and application framework.
Limo
MeeGo from Nokia and Intel
At the 2010 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Nokia and Intel both unveiled 'MeeGo' a brand new mobile operating system which would combine the best of Moblin and the best of Maemo to create a truly open-sourced experience for users across all devices.

[edit] Feature phone operating systems

Common operating systems for feature phones include Nokia's S30 and S40. [30]S40 offers APIs for Java ME.[31]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Can Mac OS X succeed as a mobile platform? 2007-01-22
  2. ^ Google Enters the Wireless World
  3. ^ http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/android_market_share_doubles_will_overtake_palm_soon.php
  4. ^ http://androinica.com/2010/03/20/android-market-share-grows-at-an-amazing-pace-apples-hardly-at-all-no-one-notices/
  5. ^ http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/191715/android_market_push_threatens_blackberry_and_iphone.html
  6. ^ http://arstechnica.com/microsoft/news/2009/08/windows-mobile-loses-27-of-smartphone-market-in-q2.ars
  7. ^ Mobile Internet World
  8. ^ a b c d e f "Canalys: iPhone outsold all Windows Mobile phones in Q2 2009". AppleInsider. 21 August 2009. http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/09/08/21/canalys_iphone_outsold_all_windows_mobile_phones_in_q2_2009.html. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
  9. ^ North American Market
  10. ^ Symbian Shareholders
  11. ^ "Highlights from the Canalys Q3 2008 research". Canalys. 2008-02-05. http://www.canalys.com/pr/2008/r2008112.htm.
  12. ^ Symbian Facts
  13. ^ Trojan Horses on Symbian
  14. ^ "CEO Ballmer Reportedly Says Microsoft 'Screwed Up' with Windows Mobile". eWeek. 28 September 2009. http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Windows/Microsoft-CEO-Steve-Ballmer-Says-Company-Screwed-Up-Windows-Mobile-241614/.
  15. ^ http://www.engadget.com/2010/02/15/windows-phone-7-series-is-official-and-microsoft-is-playing-to/
  16. ^ http://gizmodo.com/5471805/windows-phone-7-series-everything-is-different-now
  17. ^ http://www.crunchgear.com/2010/02/15/windows-phone-7-series-our-take/
  18. ^ http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/oha_members.html
  19. ^ http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/146450/developers_praise_android_at_google_io.html?tk=rl_noinform
  20. ^ http://code.google.com/android/
  21. ^ http://www.engadget.com/2008/10/16/t-mobile-g1-review-part-2-software-and-wrap-up/
  22. ^ Shipping Linux-based Phones at Technology News Daily
  23. ^ Microsoft Excluded from DoCoMo at The Register
  24. ^ Incompatibility in Mobile Linux at OS News
  25. ^ Search Mobile Computing
  26. ^ Running on Linux
  27. ^ Motorola Press Release on Partnership on Linux Platform
  28. ^ Overview of webOS
  29. ^ "Samsung launches bada open mobile OS". Electonista. 9 November 2009. http://www.electronista.com/articles/09/11/09/samsung.bada.to.rival.android.linux/.
  30. ^ http://www.forum.nokia.com/Technology_Topics/Device_Platforms/Series_40/
  31. ^ http://www.forum.nokia.com/Technology_Topics/Device_Platforms/Series_40/

[edit] Further reading

[edit] External links

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